Forts de Paris

The first ring (1841–1845) includes 16 detached forts built 5 km from Paris on the orders of Adolphe Thiers. The second ring (1874–1885) includes 17 semi-buried forts at 20 km, built after the lessons of the 1870 siege using General Séré de Rivières's system. FEATURES - Detailed profiles for all 33 forts - Photos, dates, historical role, current status - Interactive map with GPS location - Filters by ring (1st / 2nd) - Search by name or municipality - Historical timeline from 1670 to the present - Quiz on both rings - French / English bilingual