BASIC vs Learn C++ Programming Offline

BASIC: THE FEELING OF THE GOOD OLD TIMES ! 10 INPUT A 20 B = SIN(A) 30 PRINT "ANSWER: ", B 40 END BASIC USER'S GUIDE: • PRINT 10 PRINT "HELLO WORLD !" 20 END • INPUT 10 INPUT “A=”, A 20 PRINT A 30 END • IF...THEN... Number Comparison: 10 INPUT A 20 IF A＞90 THEN B=“A” 30 PRINT B 40 END Conditional Operators: ＞ greater than ＜ less than ＞= greater than or equal to =＞ equal to or greater than ＜= less than or equal to =＜ equal to or less than = equal to == equal to ＜＞ not equal to != not equal to THEN can be followed by GOTO, GOSUB, INPUT, PRINT. String Comparison: 10 INPUT A 20 IF A=“TOM” THEN PRINT “BOY” 30 END Conditional Operators: = is == is ＜＞ is not != is not • FOR...NEXT... 10 FOR I=1 TO 4 STEP 2 20 PRINT “HELLO”, I 30 NEXT I 40 END STEP specifies the counter increment for each loop. If STEP doesn’t exit, the default increment is 1. FOR...NEXT... loop can be nested. 10 FOR I=1 TO 5 20 FOR J=1 TO 4 30 PRINT I, J 40 NEXT J 50 NEXT I 60 END • GOTO 10 ... 20 ... 30 ... 40 GOTO 10 50 ... • GOSUB 10 PRINT “H” 20 GOSUB 100 30 PRINT “L” 40 END 100 PRINT “A” 110 RETURN • SOUND 10 SOUND C, M, 0.5 The line 10 plays Middle C piano note for 0.5 seconds. Note: C, C#, D, D#, E, F, F#, G, G#, A, A#, B Pitch Range: L (low), M (middle), H (high) Lasting Time: specifies how long a note lasts. C, D, E, F, G, A, B can also be labeled as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. (C# as 1#). • TEXT 10 TEXT “HELLO”, x, y, size (x,y): position of the string “HELLO”. • CIRCLE 10 CIRCLE x, y, radius (x,y): the center of the circle. • RECTANGLE 10 RECT x, y, width, height (x,y): top-left point of the rectangle. • LINE 10 LINE x1, y1, x2, y2 (x1,y1): the starting point of the line. (x2,y2): the ending point of the line. • POINT 10 POINT x, y (x,y): the position of the point. • CLR: clear the edit window. • CLS: clear the graph window. • DELAY 10 DELAY 0.5 0.5:lasting time in seconds This function is used to suspend execution of a program for a particular time. • CURVE 10 CURVE x, y, radius, 0, PI 0: starting angle PI: ending angle The curve draws clockwise with center (x,y). • Mathematical Functions: SIN(X), COS(X), TAN(X), COT(X), ASIN(X), ACOS(X), ATAN(X), SINH(X), COSH(X), TANH(X), ASINH(X), ACOSH(X), ATANH(X). SQR(X): square root of x. ABS(X): absolute value of x. FCT(X): x factorial. LOG(X): natural logarithm of x. LOG10(X): base-10 logarithm of x. LOG2(X) :base-2 logarithm of x. EXP(X): base-e exponential of x. ERF(X): the error function of x. ERFC(X): the complementary error function of x. ROUND(X) :integral nearest to x. CEIL(X): the smallest integral that is not less than x. FLOOR(X): the largest integral that is not greater than x. TGAMMA(X): the gamma function of x. LGAMMA(X): the natural logarithm of the absolute value of the gamma function of x. • Reserved Variables: INKEY : once a key is pressed, the value of INKEY changes. RND : a random number. PI : π • Some Tips: 1. Undo & Redo typing on iPhone with a shake. 2. Copy an Emoji or some character from other places (like Notes), then paste them on the edit window. 3. Exponentiation is expressed as X^Y.

C++ is a general-purpose programming language created by Bjarne Stroustrup, with development beginning in 1979 as an extension of the C language and officially named C++ in 1983. It is known for combining the low-level memory manipulation capabilities of C with the high-level abstraction of object-oriented programming (OOP). C++ supports multiple programming paradigms, including procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming, making it versatile for a variety of applications such as systems software, game development, real-time simulations, and complex mathematical computations. Key Features: Compiled Language: C++ is a compiled language, meaning the code written in C++ is transformed into machine code through a compiler, making execution much faster than interpreted languages like Python or JavaScript. Cross-Platform: C++ is platform-independent, meaning you can write C++ code and compile it to run on different operating systems, such as Windows, macOS, and Linux. Rich Library Support: C++ has extensive library support, including the Standard Template Library (STL), Boost libraries, and many third-party libraries that provide functionality for data structures, algorithms, file handling, and more. Memory Management: While C++ provides high-level constructs like classes and objects, it also gives the programmer direct control over memory through dynamic memory allocation (new and delete), which allows for fine-tuning the performance of applications. Object-Oriented Extensions: C++ builds upon C by adding object-oriented features. These include: Classes and Objects: To group data and functions that operate on the data. Inheritance: To allow a class to inherit properties and methods from another class. Polymorphism: To define functions that behave differently based on input data types. Flexibility and Power: C++ is highly flexible, suitable for system-level programming (like developing operating systems, drivers, or embedded software) and high-level applications (like game engines, graphic-intensive applications, and simulations). Advantages: Efficiency: With direct access to hardware and system resources, C++ enables writing highly efficient code for performance-sensitive tasks. Versatility: Due to its multi-paradigm nature, C++ can be used for different programming styles (procedural, object-oriented, or functional). Use Cases: Game Development: C++ is widely used for building high-performance game engines, such as Unity, Unreal Engine, and CryEngine. Embedded Systems: Due to its performance and control, C++ is used in the development of embedded systems, which require real-time performance. System Software: C++ is often chosen for developing operating systems, drivers, and browser engines (e.g., Chrome's V8 engine). Overall, C++ is a versatile and powerful language that balances low-level programming efficiency with high-level abstractions, making it an industry standard for many complex and performance-oriented software projects.