Hyperbolic Games vs Polynomial Solver Step by Step

The Hyperbolic Games are similar in spirit to the Torus Games, but played on curved surfaces. Most people will want to start with the Torus Games instead, which offer a selection of easily playable games, designed for children ages 10 and up, all implemented in multi-connected spaces in 2 and 3 dimensions. The Hyperbolic Games, by contrast, are for math students — advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. These games are more challenging than the Torus Games because they combine a multi-connected topology with a non-Euclidean geometry. Mathematically they illustrate the following: - The hyperbolic plane, as a live scrollable object. - The under-appreciated fact that the two traditional models of the hyperbolic plane are simply different views of the same fixed-radius surface in Minkowski space: the Beltrami-Klein model corresponds to a viewpoint at the origin (central projection) while the Poincaré disk model corresponds to a viewpoint one radian further back (stereographic projection). Players may pinch-to-zoom to pass from one to the other, or stop to view the model from any other distance. - The strong — but also under-appreciated — correspondence between the hyperbolic plane and an ordinary sphere. In particular, central projection of the sphere corresponds to the Beltrami-Klein model of the hyperbolic plane, and stereographic projection of the sphere corresponds to the Poincaré disk model of the hyperbolic plane. - The Klein quartic surface, viewed with its natural geometry. The sudoku puzzles take full advantage of the Klein quartic’s tremendous amount of symmetry.

Polynomial Solver Step by Step is a calculator, and, more importantly, a teaching tool. It is designed to help students of both basic and advanced levels. Basic Algebra functions: 1. Polynomial multiplication. 2. Polynomial long division with step by step explanation. 3. Algorithm for finding rational roots consisting of the following: a. Finding all possible rational roots. b. Eliminating the roots outside bounds. c. Performing polynomial long division for each of the roots. d. Adjusting bounds based on long division results if appropriate. Iterative polynomial solving algorithms for advanced-level students: 1. Durand-Kerner method. 2. Aberth method. 3. Newton method with both real and complex starting points. 4. Global (also known as "damped") Newton method with both real and complex starting points. 5. Laguerre method with both real and complex starting points. 6. Bairstow method. 7. Muller method. 8. Eigenvalues of ‘companion matrix’ (demonstration of QR algorithm for eigenvalue calculation is available in our “Matrix Solver Step by Step" app). Interactive graphs are available for: 1. Polynomial functions and their derivatives. 2. Aberth and Durand-Kerner method points on complex plane. 3. Newton, global Newton, Laguerre, and Muller algorithm steps. 4. Newton and global Newton method fractals / convergence images on complex plane 5. Laguerre method convergence images on complex plane 6 Bairstow method convergence images depending on initial approximation values. 7 Muller method convergence images depending on initial approximation values. (Images 4-7 have adjustable settings for area, resolution and shading). Links to online references are included. Please write to us if you like to have new features / chapters added! Developers welcome any feedback, please write to us at graphmath@aol.com.