TerrHum vs Learn Spanish with Bilinguae

TerrHum is a University of Padua free app that allows the main content of a field guide to be stored on a cell phone. The name TerrHum is an abbreviation of the words “Terrestrial” (not hydromorphic, not submerged) and “Humipedon” (organic and organic-mineral soil horizons). With this application, it is possible to classify all non-submerged forest topsoils of our planet. The app is built on the indications about humus forms and systems reported in eight scientific articles collected in an Applied Soil Ecology special issue entitled Humusica 1 (Zanella, A., Ascher-Jenull, J., 2018. Editorial. Appl. Soil Ecol. 122, 1–9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.11.029). The articles are the fruit of many years of researches and meetings of a Humus Group gathering more than 50 soil ecologists, biologists, and naturalists. Once all figures (about 150) have been opened a first time (with a fiber connection, the download of all the figures takes few minutes), the iOS device on which the application has been downloaded does not need to be connected to the Internet to run the application. The recall through touch-buttons of photographs allows a classification of the humus forms and the main groups of animals that live there even for beginners. Let us consider a user faced with a soil profile to be classified. A cubic volume of 50×50×50 cm is generally sufficient for studying humus systems and forms in a forest environment, while a larger hole or many well-distributed small holes are necessary for surveying a heterogeneous area. As a humus form is made of superposed humus horizons, the app asks the user to indicate one-by-one which types of humus horizons are present in the observed profile. The user is asked to answer a series of YES/NO questions. He can use the touch-buttons for help and display examples of horizons, types of transition or humus systems, as well as forms and tables of composition/classification of humus horizons, or groups of animals and droppings. At the end of the survey, a photograph of the target humus form appears, along with a list of the chosen horizons. By clicking/touching on the screen, each photograph may be magnified. A caption that appears at the bottom of the picture provides access to the morpho-functional features of the soil profile that lead to the result: the final classification of the humus system. The app is freely downloadable and in continuous evolution (automatic update). To contribute to its improvement, simply send your suggestions, photographs, schemes, etc. to: augusto.zanella@unipd.it. Your name will be reported alongside a photograph or a relevant improvement, as in an open source app. Information about the topsoil classification and indications about the topsoil functioning are given in Humusica 1, articles 1, 2 and 3. Supplemental specific information about diagnostic horizons and humus forms may be found in Humusica 1, articles 4, 5 and 6. Sampling panel and pedofauna are illustrated in Humusica 1, articles 7 and 8. Humusica 1 articles here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/applied-soil-ecology/vol/122/part/P1. Corresponding author: augusto.zanella@unipd.it

Free app to learn Spanish by improving quickly your VOCABULARY in an easy way, with more than 5,000 words classified by levels and topics. Are you currently learning Spanish but you have trouble remembering new words? Has it been a while since you learned Spanish and now you wish to refresh your vocabulary? Bilinguae Español is the perfect app to improve your vocabulary. Learn Spanish anywhere, anytime! • More than 5,000 words classified by levels and topics. • Captivating photos will help you memorize the words visually. • Words are pronounced by native speakers. • 3 basic exercises in each topic to learn the words and several supplementary exercises for further voluntary practice. • Example sentences for each word. Exercises with those sentences. • Intelligent revision system which will make you revise the word according to your hits and mistakes. The more often you get a word wrong, the more often this word will be revised until you remember it. • The gender of the noun will also appear, so that you will learn directly the correct article to each noun. The plural form of each noun will also be displayed. • Progress saved in cloud: The progress you make will be stored on our server whenever you connect to the internet. All devices (smartphones, tablets, …) will be synchronized. In this way, you won’t lose your progress, even if you have to reinstall the app for whatever reason. • Offline usage: You will need internet connection only the first time you use the app, for downloading new words, but then you can work OFFLINE whenever you want. • Multi-user system: The app can be used by several users. Each user can access one’s own account with a password and have the progress saved. Perfect for families or couples who share the same device, like a tablet. • Monthly competition: Earn points by solving exercises. The first three will receive a free level.