NanoTubAR vs Pattern of Evolution

"Nanoscience" is the branch of science that is responsible for the study of objects at the nanometric scale, that is, those whose sizes are between 1 and 100 nm. One of the great challenges of nanotechnology is the preparation of new functional materials whose dimensions and structures are controlled at the molecular or atomic level. In chemistry, nanotubes are tubular (cylindrical) structures, with typical diameter sizes in the scale of a nanometer. There are nanotubes of many materials. Among the best-known are carbon nanotubes (CNT) made up of rolled sheets of carbon atoms, with physical and chemical properties that open the door to an immense horizon of applications. In addition to CNTs, there are nanotubes formed by the self-assembly of cyclic peptides. This type of nanostructures has attracted great attention from the scientific community in recent years due to their important applications in biology, chemistry and materials science. Much of this interest is related to its technological possibilities such as biosensors, photosensitive materials, antimicrobial agents, selective transport systems, molecular electronics and other potential uses in biology, electronics and optics. The history of these nanotubes began in 1974, when De Santis predicted the formation of tubular structures by cyclic peptides, formed by alpha amino acids with alternating stereochemistry, D and L (D, L-α-CPs). However, it was not until 1993 when they were prepared in a laboratory thanks to Professor Ghadiri's group at Scripps. Their applications comprehend those that involve interaction with membranes, including the use as antimicrobials or as biomimetics of natural channels. Their hydrophilic internal cavity facilitates the transport of water and hydrophilic molecules of appropriate size, such as ions or drugs. The external properties of the nanotube are defined by the side chains of the amino acids that make up the cyclic peptide, oriented towards the outside. More recently, in the group of Prof. Juan R. Granja, at the University of Santiago de Compostela, nanotubes formed by cyclic peptides that alternate alpha amino acids with other types of artificial amino acids, such as gamma (α, γ-CPs) or delta (α, δ-CPs) have been designed and synthesized. This type of non-natural amino acids allows methylene groups to be introduced into the cavity of the channels, increasing their hydrophobicity and allowing their internal functionalization. NanotubAR allows to visualize, using Augmented Reality technology, four types of nanotubes: a carbon nanotube (CNT) and three nanotubes formed by cyclic peptides. The representation of the nanotubes included in the app are not just cartoons, they come from realistic atomistic models resulting from computational simulations. In each of them, natural alpha amino acids (L-tryptophan) are combined with synthetic residues, such as D-tryptophan (D, L-alpha-CPs), gamma amino acids (alpha, gamma-CPs) and delta amino acids (alpha, delta -CPs). In all these designs, the amino and carbonyl groups of the amino acids are oriented perpendicularly to the plane of the cyclic peptides, with a suitable orientation to establish hydrogen bonds between the different units, and thus forming a tubular structure. With NanotubAR it is possible to obtain a privileged view of these systems in our own home, or anywhere, from a simple texture, walk around it, and even enter its inner cavity to be able to observe its interior structure in detail at a level atomistic detail. In addition, NanotubAR allows changing the representation of the atoms that make up the systems and choosing between “ball and stick” or a van der Waals representation. Delve into nanotechnology and share with your friends a photo inside your favorite nanotube!

The DOST Courseware is a locally-produced, all-original Filipino highly interactive multimedia educational application packages that are conceptualized, digitized and produced as spearheaded by the Science Education Institute (SEI-DOST) in partnership with the Advanced Science and Technology Institute (ASTI-DOST) and in cooperation with the Department of Education (DepEd), Philippine Normal University (PNU) and University of the Philippines-National Institute for Science and Mathematics Education (UP-NISMED), which aims to develop information and communication technology learning innovation to support the upgrading and improvement of science and mathematics education in the country. The DOST Courseware are provided for free to schools and are also made available online as supplemental resources for teachers and student as a fun and interactive approach to e-learning and blended learning. The Grade 7 DOST Courseware is composed of 120 lessons overall, 73 lessons in Science where it covered the domains on: Matter; Force, Motion and Energy, Living Things and Their Environment and Earth and Space while the 60 lessons in Mathematic covered the domains on: Numbers and Number Sense, Patterns and Algebra, and Geometry. The Grade 8 DOST Courseware is composed of 118 lessons overall, 61 lessons in Science where it covered the domains on: Parts and Functions, Ecosystems, Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits, Structures and Functions, Biodiversity, and Evolution, while the 57 lessons in Mathematics covered the domains on: Linear Equations, Quadratic Equations, Rational Algebraic Equations, Integral Exponents, Radicals, Arithmetic Sequence and Geometric Sequence. The themes of the courseware for Grades 7 and 8, Magicademy, Freddy’s Lab and D’nayao will surely amuse the users as they explore these distinct worlds while learning at the same time.