TnECHO vs AnthroCalc

Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography (TnECHO) is increasingly used by neonatologists in the intensive care setting to support clinical decisions. The technology may be applied for the evaluation of the neonatal heart, brain, abdomen/pelvis and vascular access. This application focuses on neonatologist-performed TnECHO. The provision of real-time information on cardiovascular performance and systemic perfusion, the non-invasive nature of the technique, rapidity of data acquisition and report generation, and ability to perform longitudinal functional assessments have all contributed to in the increased utilization of TnECHO by neonatologists in the neonatal intensive care (NICU). The purpose of this application is to support neonatologists who are actively involved in a recognized TnECHO training program. This application includes videos of probe position, 2D echo loops, color Doppler loops, and labelling of the various structures. This application is aimed at familiarizing neonatologists with basic echocardiography views and aiding self directed learning, but does not represent complete training. This application has not been designed to teach how to screen, diagnose or evaluate congenital heart disease, although it is recognized that neonatologists must be familiar with normal anatomy and deviations from this. Although structural heart disease should always be considered when performing a TnECHO evaluation, if the former is clinically suspected a paediatric cardiologist should always be involved. Image optimization techniques are not discussed as it is usually machine specific.

The AnthroCalc app calculates percentiles and Z-scores for length/height, weight, weight-for-length/height, body-mass index, and head circumference for typically growing children (using WHO or CDC references); for children with a number of syndromes (Turner, Down, Prader–Willi, Russell–Silver, Noonan and Klinefelter); and for preterm infants (using Fenton 2013 and 2025, INTERGROWTH-21st, or Olsen references). The app also performs specialized calculations of blood pressure (using NIH 2004 or AAP 2017 references), extended obesity measures, waist circumference, arm circumference, triceps and subscapular skinfolds, mid-parental/target height, predicted adult height, and height velocity for healthy children. Citations are provided for each reference range used for the calculations.