VerticalChinese vs Classical Chinese

Vertical Chinese is a calm, beautiful place to read classical Chinese (文言) — and a built-in dictionary that helps you understand every character. Read the Daodejing, the Analects, Mencius, Zhuangzi, Tang poetry, Records of the Grand Historian, and more — 250+ foundational texts, laid out vertically and character by character, the way they were written. READ • Vertical, character-by-character layout with a steady pinyin gutter • Toggle Traditional 繁 / Simplified 简, pinyin 拼, and English 英 • 聽書 read-aloud (audiobook) mode, plus per-word pronunciation • Warm rice-paper design, with light & dark themes UNDERSTAND — a dictionary built in • Tap any character for pinyin, meaning, and animated stroke order • Full CC-CEDICT word lookup — search by character, pinyin, or English • Radical index to find characters you can't type • Example sentences with pinyin and English REMEMBER • Save any character or word with a tap • Spaced-repetition flashcards (練習) to review what you save • Track your progress from carp to dragon — 鯉躍龍門

Curated classical text annotations, detailed word explanations, intelligent Q&A—making classical Chinese learning easy, efficient, and fun! From beginner to master, journey with the classics, engage with wisdom, and embark on a classical learning adventure to experience the charm of millennia-old literary heritage! ◉ Multi-level Classical Text Annotations • Detailed explanations of classical text content and meaning • Annotations conveniently placed below corresponding text • Selectable annotation detail levels for learners of different backgrounds • Pinyin pronunciation guides for correct reading • Article categories from beginner to advanced, meeting needs at different learning stages • Includes common sentence patterns and ancient cultural knowledge ◉ Author Biography • Learn about classical authors' lives and creative backgrounds • Gain deep understanding of the creative environment and ideological origins • Establish historical and cultural context to enhance reading comprehension ◉ Intelligent Q&A • Provides answers to difficult questions in classical Chinese learning • Solve learning obstacles anytime, anywhere • Clear and accessible explanations ◉ Detailed Word Explanations • Carefully selected common classical Chinese vocabulary • Multi-dimensional explanations including ancient meanings, extended meanings, and modern interpretations • Includes word etymology to understand character evolution Whether you're a beginner in classical Chinese or an enthusiast hoping to delve deeper, Classical Chinese aims to provide professional and convenient learning assistance. ◉ Terms and Privacy • Terms of Use: https://www.apple.com/legal/internet-services/itunes/dev/stdeula/ • Privacy Policy: https://yangguang2009.github.io/docs/manuals/classicalchinese/privacy-policy/privacy-policy-english