TEE Colour Doppler vs Valve PPM

Two and three-dimensional echocardiography forms the basis of assessing cardiac structure and function. The application of colour Doppler imaging is routinely performed over cardiac valves, vascular and other pathological structures to assess blood flow direction and velocity. This aids the confirmation of pathological diagnoses and quantifies the severity of these lesions. This module demonstrates which structures should be viewed using colour Doppler during the standard 2D examination. Each of the 20 standard views is accompanied by a rotatable three-dimensional heart model and a `colour compare’ video clip which simultaneously shows the two-dimensional and colour Doppler images of each view. Normal blood flow across or within various parts of the heart is shown.

Valve PPM is an innovative mobile tool developed to support echocardiography professionals in their effort of assessing the functionality of implanted prosthetic cardiac valves. The application provides guidelines for assessing an already implanted valve (Check Valve Function) and for choosing a valve before implantation (Optimal Valve Selector). The algorithms behind the App have been derived after an extensive research of the published materials on the aortic and mitral prosthetic valve assessment. - Check Valve Function After selecting a particular valve type, the patient characteristics (weight/height) and the prosthesis actual parameters (peak velocity, mean gradient, VTI prosthesis, VTI LVOT and LVOTd), Valve PPM will provide the user with an answer regarding the normal function of the valve, the potential patient prosthesis mismatch or the intrinsic prosthesis dysfunction. - Optimal Valve Selector The user will be required to select a valve position (aortic/mitral) and the patient characteristics (weight/height) and Valve PPM will instantly indicate the minimum Effective Orifice Area (EOA) in order to avoid Patient Prosthesis Mismatch (PPM).