ODYSSEY VSEPR Theory vs Electronify

Why are some triatomic molecules linear (carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide) and others are bent (water, sulfur dioxide)? And why is the bond angle in water (~105°) smaller than that in sulfur dioxide (~119°)? Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory provides surprisingly simple explanations in terms of the electron pairs that surround the central atom of a given molecule. VSEPR theory is described in detail in every introductory chemistry book. The ODYSSEY VSEPR Theory app provides three-dimensional models of 50 small molecules and ions as well as a set of generic models that illustrate the conceivable geometries of the theory. Each model can be moved and manipulated with simple touch gestures. Bond lengths and bond angles can be queried. Users can pick from multiple model styles (such as Ball and Spoke or Space Filling), request a schematic display of lone pair positions, and show the molecular dipole arrow. A glossary, comments section, and a set of multiple-choice questions (with randomized options) are also available. Most learners of chemistry are visually oriented. Complementing the presentation found in any introductory textbook, ODYSSEY VSEPR Theory enables exploration of one of the most fundamental concepts in general chemistry—molecular shape.

Quantum mechanics is a fascinating field that helps us understand the behavior of matter and energy on a microscopic level. One of the most important concepts in quantum mechanics is the idea of atomic orbitals. An atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the probability of finding an electron in a particular location around an atom's nucleus. Each electron in an atom can be described by a unique set of four quantum numbers, which determine its energy level, angular momentum, magnetic moment, and spin. The shape of each atomic orbital can be accurately depicted using a formula called spherical harmonics, which creates a visual representation of the electron's probable location around the nucleus. These representations are often shown as a series of dots, each representing a probable location of where an electron might be. The VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory, on the other hand, is a model used to predict the geometry of molecules based on the arrangement of electrons in their valence shells. According to this theory, the electrons in a molecule's valence shell repel each other, and their repulsion determines the molecule's shape. The VSEPR model predicts a range of molecular shapes, including linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral. These shapes can be used to predict a molecule's physical and chemical properties, such as polarity and reactivity. This app will provide you these fascinating insights about the nature of how atoms and molecules behave in the real world. Terms of Use (EULA): https://www.apple.com/legal/internet-services/itunes/dev/stdeula/