Sololearn vs Enigma Simulator

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Enigma密码机 在密码学史中，恩尼格玛密码机（德语：Enigma，又译哑谜机，或“谜”式密码机）是一种用于加密与解密文件的密码机。 确切地说，恩尼格玛是一系列相似的转子机械加解密机器的统称，它包括了许多不同的型号，为密码学对称加密算法的流加密。 键盘一共有26个键，键盘排列和广为使用的计算机键盘基本一样，只不过为了使通讯尽量地短和难以破译，空格、数字和标点符号都被取消，而只有字母键。 键盘上方就是显示器，这可不是意义上的屏幕显示器，只不过是标示了同样字母的26个小灯泡，当键盘上的某个键被按下时， 和这个字母被加密后的密文字母所对应的小灯泡就亮了起来，就是这样一种近乎原始的“显示”。 在显示器的上方是三个直径6厘米的转子，它们的主要部分隐藏在面板下，转子才是“恩尼格玛”密码机最核心关键的部分。 如果转子的作用仅仅是把一个字母换成另一个字母，那就是密码学中所说的“简单替换密码”,这就是“恩尼格玛”难以被破译的关键所在，这不是一种简单替换密码。 同一个字母在明文的不同位置时，可以被不同的字母替换，而密文中不同位置的同一个字母，又可以代表明文中的不同字母，字母频率分析法在这里丝毫无用武之地了。 这种加密方式在密码学上被称为“复式替换密码”。 使用“恩尼格玛”通讯时，发信人首先要调节三个转子的方向（而这个转子的初始方向就是密匙，是收发双方必须预先约定好的）， 然后依次键入明文，并把显示器上灯泡闪亮的字母依次记下来，最后把记录下的闪亮字母按照顺序用正常的电报方式发送出去。 收信方收到电文后，只要也使用一台“恩尼格玛”，按照原来的约定，把转子的方向调整到和发信方相同的初始方向上，然后依次键入收到的密文， 显示器上自动闪亮的字母就是明文了。加密和解密的过程完全一样，这就是反射器的作用，同时反射器的一个副作用就是一个字母永远也不会被加密成它自己， 因为反射器中一个字母总是被连接到另一个不同的字母。 而除了转子方向和排列位置，“恩尼格玛”还有一道保障安全的关卡，在键盘和第一个转子之间有块连接板。 通过这块连接板可以用一根连线把某个字母和另一个字母连接起来，这样这个字母的信号在进入转子之前就会转变为另一个字母的信号。 这种连线最多可以有六根（后期的“恩尼格玛”甚至达到十根连线），这样就可以使6对字母的信号两两互换，其他没有插上连线的字母则保持不变。 ——当然连接板上的连线状况也是收发双方预先约定好的。 就这样转子的初始方向、转子之间的相互位置以及连接板的连线状况就组成了“恩尼格玛”三道牢不可破的保密防线， 其中连接板是一个简单替换密码系统，而不停转动的转子，虽然数量不多，但却是点睛之笔，使整个系统变成了复式替换系统。 连接板虽然只是简单替换却能使可能性数目大大增加，在转子的复式作用下进一步加强了保密性。