LP Old Norse vs Fluency Refrain

Old Norse can be studied as the language of the Eddas and the Icelandic sagas; the ancestor of the Scandinavian tongues; or, because of the Viking presence in the British Isles, a major influence on the development of English. But while many of its words are recognisable, the connections are often vague or misleading, and it follows a more complicated grammar than most of its modern relatives. The answer is ultimately memorisation, which is where Liberation Philology Old Norse can help. Whenever you have a moment to spare, your phone can call up a rolling multiple-choice test that helps you practise Old Norse vocabulary and grammar. Each answer you give is immediately confirmed or corrected, and your knowledge is reinforced by as much repetition as you find useful. • Vocabulary: 335 levels, each testing your ability to translate ten words between English and Old Norse. Interspersed among these are cumulative levels reviewing what has been learned earlier (for a total of 377 levels). • Nouns: Tests your ability to parse and to decline all types of Old Norse nouns. • Pronouns: Tests the declension of Old Norse pronouns. • Verbs: Tests your ability to parse and to conjugate Old Norse verbs, present and past, indicative and subjunctive, active and middle (revised and expanded in 2020). An additional Reference module allows you to review the word-list for the vocabulary test, and the paradigms for nouns, verbs, and pronouns.

Fluency Refrain is a pronunciation app built on one idea: you learn to say a phrase by saying it WITH the voice, not after it. Pick a language, add the phrases you actually want to say, and chorus them: speak in unison with a studio voice, again and again, until the phrase comes up to full speed. Then let review bring each phrase back right before you forget it. CHORUS, DON'T REPEAT Repeating after a recording leaves a gap where your own accent creeps back in. Chorusing closes that gap. You say the phrase at the same time as the voice, matching its rhythm, stress and melody, with a tap-to-adjust gap and tempo so you can start slow and speed up as it sticks. YOUR PHRASES, NOT A SYLLABUS Start from a short seed pack for your goal (first phrases, travel basics, hard-to-pronounce phrases, or expressions worth collecting) and then add anything you like: a line from a show, something a friend said, the sentence you fumbled yesterday. Every phrase gets a studio voice in the language and variety you chose. REVIEW THAT BRINGS PHRASES BACK Spaced review schedules each phrase for the moment it is about to fade. Say it, reveal it, hear it, grade yourself. Phrases you nail come back less often; phrases you miss come back sooner. IDIOMS, PROVERBS AND TONGUE-TWISTERS Checked packs of idioms, proverbs and tongue-twisters for French, Spanish, Italian, Japanese, Korean and Greek, with meanings and references, ready to chorus. More languages on the way. BUILT FOR POLYGLOTS Keep as many languages as you like. Pin up to three as your focus, and the app tells you which language needs you next. Transliteration for non-Latin scripts. Studio voices in 80+ languages and regional varieties. WORKS WITH FLUENCY STREAK Link Fluency Refrain to Fluency Streak and every chorus and review session counts toward your daily language streak automatically. WHAT TESTERS SAY "I found that chorusing revolutionized my ability to learn Korean. This app has revolutionized my ability to chorus. It is simple to use, has many uses, and permits the addition of all kinds of material. I love it!" — Mindy Thompson Fullilove, MD, author of The Tao of K-drama (Oxford University Press) FREE AND PRO Free: unlimited languages, up to 20 phrases, full chorus and review. Refrain Pro removes the phrase limit. Subscriptions renew automatically unless cancelled at least 24 hours before the end of the period; manage them in your App Store account settings. Privacy policy: https://fluencyrefrain.com/privacy Terms of use: https://www.apple.com/legal/internet-services/itunes/dev/stdeula/